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| 1928 |
| | | An Aerial Medical Service is launched in Queensland, Australia, subsequently becoming the Flying Doctor Service | |
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| 1928 |
| | | Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers a mould that selectively kills bacteria, and calls it penicillin | |
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| 1928 |
| | | US anthropologist Margaret Mead makes much of trouble-free sex among natives, in Coming of Age in Samoa, but her findings are subsequently disputed | |
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| 1929 |
| | | US astronomer Edwin Hubble uses the red shift of light from galaxies to demonstrate that they are receding from each other and the universe is expanding | |
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| 1930 |
| | | Wolfgang Pauli announces his mathematical proof of the existence of the particle subsequently known as the neutrino | |
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| 1930 |
| | | British theoretical physicist Paul Dirac predicts the existence of an anti-particle of the electron, first observed two years later and named the positron | |
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| 1931 |
| | | On his first expedition to the Olduvai Gorge, Louis Leakey finds the oldest object now in the British Museum - the chopping tool from about 1.8 million years ago | |
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| 1932 |
| | | John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton are the first to split an atom, by bombarding it with accelerated protons | |
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| 1932 |
| | | British physicist James Chadwick shows that the behaviour of subatomic particles can be explained by the existence of neutrons, or particles with no electrical charge | |
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| 1932 |
| | | British author Aldous Huxley gives a bleak view of a science-based future in his novel Brave New World | |
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